1 00:00:01,260 --> 00:00:07,300 I consign everything un-German to the fire against class struggle and 2 00:00:07,300 --> 00:00:13,700 Materialism. I surrender to the fire the writings of Karl Marx 3 00:00:13,700 --> 00:00:15,060 and Sautzke. 4 00:00:15,320 --> 00:00:21,360 I commit to the fire the writings of Heinrich Mann, Ernst Glasses, 5 00:00:21,740 --> 00:00:27,320 Erich Kessner. I surrender to the fire the writings of the Siegmund Freud school. 6 00:00:27,950 --> 00:00:32,610 I give the writings to the fire by Erich Maria Remarque. 7 00:00:33,610 --> 00:00:40,570 I give the writings to the fire by Alfred Kerr. Against impudence and 8 00:00:40,570 --> 00:00:46,930 March, for respect and reverence before the immortal German 9 00:00:46,930 --> 00:00:53,810 People's circle, devour flame on the Papers by Tucholsky and 10 00:00:53,810 --> 00:00:54,810 Ostevsky. 11 00:00:57,000 --> 00:00:58,780 May 10, 1933. 12 00:00:59,860 --> 00:01:01,900 Book burning on the Opera Square in Berlin. 13 00:01:02,140 --> 00:01:05,220 The flames are by Goebbels announced program. 14 00:01:06,080 --> 00:01:13,080 My fellow students, German men and Women, that 15 00:01:13,080 --> 00:01:19,340 Age of an exaggerated Jewish Intellectualism is now over. 16 00:01:20,680 --> 00:01:23,920 And the German breakthrough Revolution... 17 00:01:24,680 --> 00:01:27,980 also has the German way again Alley cleared. 18 00:01:28,520 --> 00:01:34,320 And the coming German man will not just a person of the book, 19 00:01:34,360 --> 00:01:37,880 but also a person of character be. 20 00:01:39,340 --> 00:01:45,280 And that's why you'd do well to take care of this midnight hour 21 00:01:45,280 --> 00:01:51,780 the evil spirit of the past To entrust flames. 22 00:01:52,970 --> 00:01:57,190 This is a strong, big and symbolic action. 23 00:01:57,590 --> 00:02:02,470 An act in front of the whole world should document. 24 00:02:03,030 --> 00:02:09,810 You sing the spiritual foundation of the November Republic to 25 00:02:09,810 --> 00:02:10,810 floor. 26 00:02:11,070 --> 00:02:17,710 But this rubble becomes victoriously rise the king of a new one 27 00:02:17,710 --> 00:02:18,710 spirit. 28 00:02:19,850 --> 00:02:25,650 Heinrich Heine had 100 years earlier Warned, this was just foreplay. There, 29 00:02:25,710 --> 00:02:29,050 Wherever you burn books, you burn them also in the end people. 30 00:02:43,270 --> 00:02:45,210 January 30, 1933 31 00:02:46,010 --> 00:02:50,150 The SA celebrates with torchlight processions Chancellorship of Adolf Hitler 32 00:02:50,150 --> 00:02:51,750 so-called seizure of power. 33 00:03:17,000 --> 00:03:21,180 And suddenly thousands of people crowd together Germans to join Hitler's NSDAP. 34 00:03:21,520 --> 00:03:25,600 Into a party that only sees itself in can represent enemy images that are against 35 00:03:25,600 --> 00:03:29,280 everything is against the First German Republic, against parliamentarism, 36 00:03:29,520 --> 00:03:31,640 against social democrats and communists. 37 00:03:32,480 --> 00:03:36,500 Jews were not yet above all and meant first, but from the beginning 38 00:03:36,500 --> 00:03:38,540 one put Jewish for everything was meant. 39 00:03:38,780 --> 00:03:43,740 And what was meant was what was driven out, eliminated, eliminated, destroyed 40 00:03:43,740 --> 00:03:44,740 should be. 41 00:03:47,760 --> 00:03:50,780 The road is clear for the brown battalions. 42 00:03:51,020 --> 00:03:55,000 This will now be official to you released. SA and SS are in the 43 00:03:55,000 --> 00:03:56,400 Raised to the rank of auxiliary police. 44 00:03:56,700 --> 00:04:00,820 And there they are standing in front of their offices political opponents and your own 45 00:04:00,820 --> 00:04:04,100 Strongholds. And they stand as physical threat there. 46 00:04:04,360 --> 00:04:08,060 They are waiting to take revenge for something she did to herself 47 00:04:08,060 --> 00:04:10,360 when they put on these uniforms. 48 00:04:10,940 --> 00:04:13,580 And the terror that they themselves caused learn to embody? 49 00:04:14,030 --> 00:04:17,870 Service to the stimulant and exciter Goebbels on the demagogic keyword. 50 00:04:44,840 --> 00:04:49,520 Jewish impudence lasts longer lived when they are still alive in the future 51 00:04:49,520 --> 00:04:55,360 will. And we will thank the Lord Kalimknechthaus will soon teach sounds, 52 00:04:55,360 --> 00:04:57,080 which they have never heard before. 53 00:05:07,400 --> 00:05:08,400 As on the 27th 54 00:05:08,720 --> 00:05:12,540 The Reichstag burned down in the evening of February is set, this serves as a means for the Nazis 55 00:05:12,540 --> 00:05:15,720 Pretext for the threatened settlement with political opponents. 56 00:05:16,360 --> 00:05:19,760 Left-wing newspaper houses are stormed and it happens at night 57 00:05:19,760 --> 00:05:20,760 Mass arrests. 58 00:05:29,660 --> 00:05:33,820 Protective custody. This now becomes a synonym for the complete unprotection from the 59 00:05:33,820 --> 00:05:34,820 new state power. 60 00:05:35,240 --> 00:05:36,800 Here is a prison in Halle. 61 00:05:37,130 --> 00:05:40,530 Rare documentary insight. Soon the prisons were closed 62 00:05:40,530 --> 00:05:42,350 small for the number of prisoners. 63 00:05:42,930 --> 00:05:47,570 Provisional concentration camps were established furnished. And how it came about, that 64 00:05:47,570 --> 00:05:49,230 was no longer suitable for film reports. 65 00:05:49,730 --> 00:05:53,190 The social democratic one Reichstag member Gerhard Seger, 66 00:05:53,190 --> 00:05:56,750 the escape from Oranienburg succeeds, reported torture and one 67 00:05:56,750 --> 00:05:58,990 planned education for Assault. 68 00:06:05,800 --> 00:06:06,619 On the 5th 69 00:06:06,620 --> 00:06:07,620 March 1933, 70 00:06:08,360 --> 00:06:11,560 Hitler has been chancellor for just over a month, is a Reichstag election. 71 00:06:11,860 --> 00:06:16,140 The old Reich President Paul von Hindenburg had Hitler on short notice 72 00:06:16,140 --> 00:06:20,960 Way via Article 48 of Weimar Constitution appointed Chancellor. And that 73 00:06:20,960 --> 00:06:24,380 had pushed for quick new elections, because it gives his party a boost 74 00:06:24,380 --> 00:06:25,380 felt. 75 00:06:26,240 --> 00:06:30,260 Hindenburg, here at the ballot box, was He has long been as politically helpless as he is now 76 00:06:30,260 --> 00:06:31,480 standing there in the flesh. 77 00:06:31,700 --> 00:06:33,200 A tired old gentleman. 78 00:06:33,740 --> 00:06:36,240 and his steps and movements hardly still powerful. 79 00:06:37,500 --> 00:06:41,040 The anti-Semitic measures of the He has Reich Chancellor Hitler 80 00:06:41,040 --> 00:06:44,140 but still in his old age tried to resist. 81 00:07:11,620 --> 00:07:15,180 Completely in the dark about his true nature But Franz von Papen was powerless, 82 00:07:15,280 --> 00:07:17,460 Vice Chancellor in Hitler's first cabinet. 83 00:07:17,960 --> 00:07:22,240 And his comment on the election that... Nazis received almost 44 percent of the vote 84 00:07:22,240 --> 00:07:24,320 brings is macabre Ambiguity. 85 00:07:25,320 --> 00:07:29,080 This election will be for Germany and also crucial for the world 86 00:07:29,080 --> 00:07:30,080 be meaning. 87 00:07:38,990 --> 00:07:39,990 started with God. 88 00:07:40,650 --> 00:07:46,030 It will last until midnight continued. 89 00:07:46,770 --> 00:07:52,910 It takes place with one sudden force, 90 00:07:52,950 --> 00:07:59,870 but also with an impressive one manhood and 91 00:07:59,870 --> 00:08:00,870 Discipline. 92 00:08:07,560 --> 00:08:11,960 By the way, the boycott didn't end at all midnight, but lasted as a from 93 00:08:11,960 --> 00:08:14,360 new state staged riot three for days. 94 00:08:15,180 --> 00:08:19,240 Supposedly a protest against Jewish ones Atrocity propaganda abroad, he should 95 00:08:19,240 --> 00:08:22,660 in reality by terrorist means to silence the world's protests 96 00:08:22,660 --> 00:08:25,400 bring. Ten days before, on the 23rd. 97 00:08:25,740 --> 00:08:30,360 March 1933, Hitler got through this Enabling Act, which followed the ban 98 00:08:30,360 --> 00:08:33,280 the communist faction only Social Democrats objected 99 00:08:33,360 --> 00:08:35,140 provides unlimited power. 100 00:08:35,440 --> 00:08:39,159 Now he could also legislate against them Make the constitution and have a foretaste 101 00:08:39,159 --> 00:08:43,900 The boycott days were about the style. On April 7th everyone becomes Jewish 102 00:08:43,900 --> 00:08:47,660 Officials switched off. Soon after professional bans for Jews follow 103 00:08:47,660 --> 00:08:50,280 Artists, writers and editors. 104 00:09:06,250 --> 00:09:10,630 A few weeks later, Hitler looks on Berserker Mine goes on his killing spree 105 00:09:10,630 --> 00:09:11,950 country and state back. 106 00:09:14,690 --> 00:09:21,130 On the 30th 107 00:09:21,530 --> 00:09:25,350 January is the dice in Germany liked. 108 00:09:26,530 --> 00:09:28,130 And I don't think so! 109 00:09:40,650 --> 00:09:43,230 No, the opponents have been laughing for a long time no more. 110 00:09:43,870 --> 00:09:45,950 Thousands leave in the first few weeks the country. 111 00:09:46,230 --> 00:09:50,570 The Anhalter Bahnhof, Berlin's most beautiful Travel hall, becomes a vanishing point. 112 00:09:50,850 --> 00:09:51,970 When I was on the 21st 113 00:09:52,270 --> 00:09:55,550 February left, luggage would only have me betrayed. 114 00:09:56,210 --> 00:09:59,450 Don't rush to catch the train To climb Frankfurt. 115 00:09:59,730 --> 00:10:02,670 It's just Frankfurt, my ticket doesn't go any further. 116 00:10:03,170 --> 00:10:04,410 Who objects? 117 00:10:05,270 --> 00:10:08,690 I should be among the first ones the passport is revoked. 118 00:10:09,450 --> 00:10:12,170 This is what the Rubicon looks like out. 119 00:10:12,610 --> 00:10:16,870 Behind the fateful river I choose, lies exile. 120 00:10:28,570 --> 00:10:32,450 This is what Heinrich Mann writes, until... ultimately to save the country from Hitler 121 00:10:32,450 --> 00:10:33,450 searched. 122 00:10:34,610 --> 00:10:37,810 His brother Thomas experiences this Seizure of power abroad. 123 00:10:38,170 --> 00:10:39,350 And doesn't return home anymore. 124 00:10:40,710 --> 00:10:43,870 Bertolt Brecht also leaves first days of February Germany. 125 00:10:44,610 --> 00:10:49,250 Just like Karl Zuckmeier. The German one Stage loses its most important young people 126 00:10:49,250 --> 00:10:50,250 playwright. 127 00:10:51,030 --> 00:10:53,330 The critic Alfred Kerr flees. 128 00:10:54,130 --> 00:10:58,350 The great satirist Kurt Tucholsky was to Paris in the mid-1920s 129 00:10:58,350 --> 00:10:59,350 pulled. 130 00:11:00,210 --> 00:11:03,710 The young actress Elisabeth Bergner is one of many Jewish people 131 00:11:03,710 --> 00:11:04,870 Artists saying goodbye. 132 00:11:07,820 --> 00:11:11,560 And Marlene Dietrich no longer returns back from Hollywood, where she is filming. 133 00:11:14,880 --> 00:11:19,000 Max Reinhardt, theater magician Imperial capital, moves with its 134 00:11:19,000 --> 00:11:20,860 Ms. Helene Thiemich to Salzburg back. 135 00:11:22,420 --> 00:11:25,500 Most prominent immigrant among the Scientists are Albert Einstein, 136 00:11:25,840 --> 00:11:28,860 to the international public appeals. 137 00:11:43,850 --> 00:11:49,410 Karl von Ossietzki, head of the critical magazine Die Weltbühne and 138 00:11:49,410 --> 00:11:52,530 most passionate opponent of Hitler the night after 139 00:11:52,530 --> 00:11:56,430 Arrested in Reichstag fire. As one American journalist him in the concentration camp 140 00:11:56,430 --> 00:12:01,010 Sonnenburg asks for book requests, he says, send me works about him 141 00:12:01,010 --> 00:12:02,470 Penal system of the Middle Ages. 142 00:12:04,070 --> 00:12:08,280 Still a prisoner in 1936, he becomes Pacifist Osjetsky with that 143 00:12:08,280 --> 00:12:10,100 Nobel Peace Prize awarded. 144 00:12:13,900 --> 00:12:18,940 We have a German theater, one German film, a German press, 145 00:12:18,940 --> 00:12:23,660 a German literature, a German one visual arts, German music and 146 00:12:23,660 --> 00:12:24,920 a German radio station. 147 00:12:25,180 --> 00:12:31,230 The one that was often brought against us in the past Objection There would be no way 148 00:12:31,230 --> 00:12:36,270 Jews from the art and cultural life eliminate them because there are too many of them 149 00:12:36,270 --> 00:12:40,830 and we don't new the empty seats could occupy is brilliantly refuted 150 00:12:40,830 --> 00:12:45,130 been. A country loses its own political mind and his best 151 00:12:45,130 --> 00:12:48,990 Ghosts. And then Goebbels tries it to be dismissed later with a few twists. 152 00:12:49,110 --> 00:12:53,910 Without any friction or stagnation this personnel system and 153 00:12:53,910 --> 00:12:55,730 Change of direction carried out. 154 00:12:56,330 --> 00:13:02,690 And they were never in Germany Artists so honored, the artists so 155 00:13:02,690 --> 00:13:04,830 coveted and respected as today. 156 00:13:08,270 --> 00:13:10,670 Yes, if it's not art. 157 00:13:12,750 --> 00:13:16,830 What is the name of the person who became famous? Sentence by the Viennese polemicist Karl Kraus? 158 00:13:17,110 --> 00:13:18,970 I can't think of anything about Hitler. 159 00:13:27,959 --> 00:13:32,020 This is defamed as degenerate art Regime the abstract and 160 00:13:32,020 --> 00:13:36,060 expressionist painters, especially the socially critical images of the 20s 161 00:13:36,060 --> 00:13:37,019 years. 162 00:13:37,020 --> 00:13:40,680 Special target of hatred Nazi philistinism is always the case 163 00:13:40,680 --> 00:13:41,680 snappy Otto Dix. 164 00:13:50,920 --> 00:13:54,540 The degenerate art is, as here in Dresden, the new art 165 00:13:54,540 --> 00:13:55,560 countered. 166 00:13:56,520 --> 00:14:00,400 Such works are influenced by the cult of the leader and Painters submissiveness together 167 00:14:00,400 --> 00:14:05,260 produced and in the great old one the venerable art city of Dresden too 168 00:14:05,260 --> 00:14:06,260 issued. 169 00:14:09,520 --> 00:14:16,480 BDM girls, a ride through the terrain and also the hall battle fighters of yesteryear 170 00:14:16,480 --> 00:14:17,720 is now available in oil. 171 00:14:18,820 --> 00:14:22,820 Only the threatening gesture is not allowed overlooked. 172 00:14:35,540 --> 00:14:38,320 Berlin Sunday idyll in the early hours 30s. 173 00:14:38,960 --> 00:14:43,940 But beyond all this tranquility something silently lurking takes place. 174 00:14:44,300 --> 00:14:49,860 The terror of paper, the hatred of Jews by law, regulation and decree. 175 00:14:50,920 --> 00:14:55,960 Almost 500,000 Jews lived in 1933 Germany, less than one percent of 176 00:14:55,960 --> 00:14:56,960 population. 177 00:14:57,320 --> 00:15:01,320 They keep coming up with new measures Offices, professions, companies. 178 00:15:02,000 --> 00:15:04,420 Life still goes on for them too. 179 00:15:04,990 --> 00:15:07,450 But it's getting closer and closer, more anxious life. 180 00:15:08,170 --> 00:15:10,890 A person affected has these fears pronounced. 181 00:15:13,310 --> 00:15:18,550 Early if you're on the way to work streets covered in black, whisper 182 00:15:18,550 --> 00:15:21,090 the corners are facing you, don't forget, that you are Jewish. 183 00:15:24,010 --> 00:15:27,170 And are you looking for your bread? sling, a bench for you in a quiet place, 184 00:15:27,290 --> 00:15:29,690 the bench shouts, get up, you Jew! 185 00:15:29,990 --> 00:15:31,850 You start up and sneak away continued. 186 00:15:32,190 --> 00:15:36,370 You look for the forest, the trees rustle and Jude whispers it without rest. The Echo 187 00:15:36,370 --> 00:15:40,330 swells, the mountains call you Jew, Jew, Jew too. 188 00:15:43,210 --> 00:15:47,270 Farm work becomes professional Bridging the gap for young German Jews 189 00:15:47,290 --> 00:15:50,790 those with a law against them Overcrowding in German schools and 190 00:15:50,790 --> 00:15:54,050 Universities from their normal life planning are pushed out. 191 00:15:54,570 --> 00:15:58,890 This agricultural internship, this later also in some European ones 192 00:15:58,890 --> 00:16:02,600 refugee countries especially the preparation for the 193 00:16:02,600 --> 00:16:03,680 Work in Palestine. 194 00:16:04,480 --> 00:16:08,980 There are almost 20,000 young people there trained in special training centers 195 00:16:08,980 --> 00:16:12,960 been, which at the same time is a relatively large one Opportunity for emigration 196 00:16:12,960 --> 00:16:14,060 Palestine offered. 197 00:16:17,800 --> 00:16:21,660 Against the Nazi threats to defend Jewish self-confidence. 198 00:16:22,760 --> 00:16:26,900 That’s the publicist’s appeal Robert Welsch to the German Jews. 199 00:16:30,730 --> 00:16:35,250 And they are now actually coming together, like here in 1934 at a lecture by 200 00:16:35,250 --> 00:16:42,230 Martin Buber, who once said, I am not a seer, but I believe 201 00:16:42,350 --> 00:16:43,930 to be a seeing person. 202 00:16:45,230 --> 00:16:49,890 Buber becomes a figure of hope for them German Jews and with him it will be the 203 00:16:49,890 --> 00:16:52,650 Berlin Rabbi Leo Beck, from whom the sentence comes from 204 00:16:53,410 --> 00:16:58,410 There is a history of Judaism, the one indictment of humanity 205 00:16:58,410 --> 00:17:02,420 is. The theater man Kurt Singer founded under Beck and Buber's protection 206 00:17:02,420 --> 00:17:04,160 a Jewish theater in Berlin. 207 00:17:05,599 --> 00:17:09,380 Here is a stage set for Samson and Dalila from Saint-Saëns. 208 00:17:11,880 --> 00:17:17,140 The theater was under Jewish control Cultural Association, which continued until 1941 209 00:17:17,140 --> 00:17:21,020 of all the harassment of the Nazi authorities Offered a wealth of events. 210 00:17:21,520 --> 00:17:26,220 But the advertisements in the news magazine make the dangers more clear. 211 00:17:26,800 --> 00:17:29,800 than those who repeatedly bravely set out Lectures and concerts. 212 00:17:30,580 --> 00:17:33,800 A Palestine film was also one of them Attractions. 213 00:17:38,020 --> 00:17:42,240 But people are thinking about emigration in the middle of the year 30s still only a small one 214 00:17:42,240 --> 00:17:43,420 Part of the German Jews. 215 00:17:44,000 --> 00:17:47,740 By 1935, only about one in seven had it leave the country. 216 00:18:10,540 --> 00:18:16,480 is only a German citizen or related blood through 217 00:18:16,480 --> 00:18:22,060 his behavior proves that he is willing and is suitable, in loyalty to the German 218 00:18:22,060 --> 00:18:23,740 To serve the people and the empire. 219 00:18:24,160 --> 00:18:29,360 Marriages between Jews and German or German nationals 220 00:18:29,360 --> 00:18:32,440 related blood are prohibited. 221 00:18:34,220 --> 00:18:38,140 No, these pictures have to do with them so-called Nuremberg Laws nothing 222 00:18:38,140 --> 00:18:39,140 to do. 223 00:18:39,230 --> 00:18:41,010 Except that Göring is there again. 224 00:18:41,350 --> 00:18:43,330 The many swaying people. 225 00:18:43,610 --> 00:18:47,390 They're all busy doing it already researched into their Aryan family tree? 226 00:18:48,030 --> 00:18:52,130 The Nuremberg racial laws and the The following regulations bring tragedy 227 00:18:52,130 --> 00:18:53,370 Tens of thousands of families. 228 00:18:53,910 --> 00:18:58,410 The Jews are deprived of their right to vote. All Jewish officials are fired. 229 00:18:58,430 --> 00:19:01,730 The social declassification is became law. 230 00:19:04,510 --> 00:19:09,530 The incitement of youth and girls especially, does not leave out any stupidity. 231 00:19:11,010 --> 00:19:16,510 But that the race fanatics with their laws are serious, that's what they show 232 00:19:16,510 --> 00:19:19,910 daily denunciations and public court proceedings. 233 00:19:25,170 --> 00:19:31,950 Yes, that's what a whole guy looks like. The typical north. The Nordic man with 234 00:19:31,950 --> 00:19:35,350 its unmistakably global Nordic gesture. 235 00:19:41,380 --> 00:19:46,320 Pictures from Leni Riefenstahl Olympic film. Pictures, everyone 236 00:19:46,320 --> 00:19:48,220 propagandistic intent speak. 237 00:19:48,460 --> 00:19:52,980 For what a triumph of beauty can be is supposed to become a macabre game 238 00:19:52,980 --> 00:19:53,980 the fire. 239 00:19:54,340 --> 00:19:58,460 Is there a more stark foresight? Human burnings that take place in a few 240 00:19:58,460 --> 00:20:00,120 years will follow than these pictures? 241 00:20:01,220 --> 00:20:03,320 And what is the world doing? 242 00:20:13,710 --> 00:20:19,910 I announce the Berlin Games Celebration of the 11th 243 00:20:20,230 --> 00:20:23,890 New era Olympiad as opened. 244 00:20:32,370 --> 00:20:36,210 It's like a whole people Command obeyed. 245 00:20:36,410 --> 00:20:37,470 Hands up! 246 00:20:42,280 --> 00:20:43,740 March 12, 1938. 247 00:20:45,060 --> 00:20:46,920 Invasion of German troops Austria. 248 00:20:47,260 --> 00:20:50,460 It doesn't look like a military campaign at all more like a pageant. 249 00:20:50,920 --> 00:20:55,100 Hitler already had reunification in his book Mein Kampf. 250 00:20:56,420 --> 00:21:00,320 Triumphal entry into Vienna and Tens of thousands cheer. The 251 00:21:00,320 --> 00:21:03,700 Austrian Jews, however, see clearly what's coming to them now. A 252 00:21:03,700 --> 00:21:05,380 Nazi newsreel announcer sneers. 253 00:21:06,720 --> 00:21:09,280 Jews fleeing in Vienna. 254 00:21:10,240 --> 00:21:14,060 Austria is the first country of refuge German emigrants, that itself to 255 00:21:14,060 --> 00:21:15,060 becomes a refugee country. 256 00:21:17,120 --> 00:21:21,440 And a few months later Hitlers Tanks roll across another border. 257 00:21:21,520 --> 00:21:25,320 And a year later the way will be Prague only close to the edge of the 258 00:21:25,320 --> 00:21:26,380 lead war over. 259 00:21:27,140 --> 00:21:32,140 But this is no longer a connection, that is an attack. To Europe again 260 00:21:32,140 --> 00:21:34,720 is silent. Whatever the motives always. 261 00:21:40,720 --> 00:21:45,600 But here too, not only tanks are moving, Steel helmets, goose-stepping soldiers 262 00:21:45,600 --> 00:21:51,240 a. Always is in the wake of this leader also hatred of Jews and racial fanaticism, 263 00:21:51,400 --> 00:21:55,220 even if the henchmen Himmler and Heydrich is still in the background 264 00:21:55,220 --> 00:21:56,220 hold. 265 00:22:03,880 --> 00:22:09,160 assassination attempt. A 17 year old named Herschel Grünspahn He shoots in Paris 266 00:22:09,160 --> 00:22:10,600 his young German diplomat. 267 00:22:11,000 --> 00:22:14,540 Ernst from the Council, third secretary at the German embassy there. 268 00:22:15,720 --> 00:22:17,240 But the act of the 6th 269 00:22:17,460 --> 00:22:20,760 November 1938 gets excited National disgrace. 270 00:22:21,780 --> 00:22:25,680 Thousands greeted the young diplomat on his last trip home. 271 00:22:31,080 --> 00:22:34,960 Trains crossing tracks are hardly that ominous rolled. 272 00:22:35,320 --> 00:22:37,760 not so threateningly in train stations retracted. 273 00:22:38,840 --> 00:22:43,160 What needs to be added is, above all the bombast gone, at least the boy's motive 274 00:22:43,160 --> 00:22:47,400 Verdigris. His parents were among them 17,000 Polish Jews living in 275 00:22:47,400 --> 00:22:51,500 Germany lived and in the fall of 1938 were abruptly deported. 276 00:22:51,960 --> 00:22:55,900 Since Poland didn't accept them, they camped them in the most miserable no man's land. 277 00:22:56,380 --> 00:23:01,300 Grünspan's act of desperation made them in fact, on international 278 00:23:01,300 --> 00:23:03,420 Pressure on the way into Poland free. 279 00:23:11,880 --> 00:23:16,160 took part in the funeral service and paid tribute his loyal comrade the last 280 00:23:16,160 --> 00:23:17,160 honor. 281 00:23:19,060 --> 00:23:24,800 And the state is now breaking down Pogrom started, only just tamed by the 282 00:23:24,800 --> 00:23:25,800 Hymn sound. 283 00:23:32,440 --> 00:23:36,960 The assassination attempt becomes a pretext for what the absurd name 284 00:23:36,960 --> 00:23:39,280 Kristallnacht got it. 285 00:23:39,780 --> 00:23:45,350 Shops are looted, apartments stormed, synagogues set on fire, Jews 286 00:23:45,350 --> 00:23:49,550 are mocked and mistreated and in the days after November 9th, the 287 00:23:49,550 --> 00:23:52,950 Beginning of the pogrom, 26,000 arrested. 288 00:24:03,070 --> 00:24:06,930 The external destruction that comes with the Blowing up of synagogues continued 289 00:24:06,930 --> 00:24:10,190 has been in line for a long time economic ruin. 290 00:24:10,620 --> 00:24:13,040 and social disenfranchisement German Jews. 291 00:24:13,860 --> 00:24:18,780 On November 12th you will be given the opportunity Atonement for the murder of the council 292 00:24:18,780 --> 00:24:21,580 a payment of a billion Reichsmark imposed. 293 00:24:22,440 --> 00:24:25,440 With a regulation to eliminate it of Jews from German 294 00:24:25,440 --> 00:24:28,580 Economic life will give them that livelihood deprived. 295 00:24:29,140 --> 00:24:33,900 The 250,000 still living in Germany Jews aren't allowed into any theater either, 296 00:24:34,100 --> 00:24:35,700 Cinema, concert more. 297 00:24:36,080 --> 00:24:38,400 Your freedom of movement will restricted. 298 00:24:38,780 --> 00:24:43,620 The mandatory first names are Sarah and Israel became the precursor to the Jewish star. 299 00:24:45,020 --> 00:24:49,120 With the tower of the oldest Dresden residents Synagogue are also the last 300 00:24:49,120 --> 00:24:51,800 Illusions about life in this country there. 301 00:24:58,580 --> 00:25:02,060 And now there is a mass exodus Jews from Germany. 302 00:25:02,440 --> 00:25:06,300 Now finally, much too late, they are opening also the borders of the European 303 00:25:06,300 --> 00:25:10,440 Neighboring countries for the people who now no longer just about their belongings, now 304 00:25:10,440 --> 00:25:11,740 also have to fear for their lives. 305 00:25:14,800 --> 00:25:19,180 Brecht's politically intended verses now characterize the situation 306 00:25:19,180 --> 00:25:20,320 Jewish refugees. 307 00:25:21,680 --> 00:25:26,460 I always thought the name was wrong gave us, emigrants. That's what it means 308 00:25:26,460 --> 00:25:30,600 Emigrants. But we did hike not of free choice, 309 00:25:30,620 --> 00:25:32,080 choosing another country. 310 00:25:32,820 --> 00:25:37,260 We didn't wander into one either Country to stay there, possibly for 311 00:25:37,260 --> 00:25:39,160 always. but we fled. 312 00:25:40,000 --> 00:25:41,000 We are displaced people. 313 00:25:41,540 --> 00:25:42,540 Exiles. 314 00:25:42,780 --> 00:25:45,760 Alas, the silence of the hour deceives us not. 315 00:25:46,100 --> 00:25:48,920 We hear the screams from their camps up to here. 316 00:25:49,400 --> 00:25:53,260 We ourselves are almost like rumors of misdeeds that escaped through them 317 00:25:53,260 --> 00:25:56,680 Boundaries. Each of us who is with torn shoes through the crowd 318 00:25:56,680 --> 00:25:59,600 goes, testifies to the shame that now tarnished our land. 319 00:26:00,060 --> 00:26:02,120 But none of us will stay here. 320 00:26:02,440 --> 00:26:04,500 The final word is not yet spoken. 321 00:26:07,180 --> 00:26:12,280 Six months earlier, on the of Roosevelt in July 1938 322 00:26:12,280 --> 00:26:16,460 Evian refugee conference the 52 participating countries 323 00:26:16,460 --> 00:26:18,920 refused to allow Jews from Germany to record. 324 00:26:19,280 --> 00:26:24,760 Now, after the November pogroms scaring the world big and the 325 00:26:24,760 --> 00:26:26,540 Willingness to help occasionally too. 326 00:26:28,020 --> 00:26:33,220 But whether in Holland or in France, like here in Paris, they are everywhere 327 00:26:33,220 --> 00:26:34,720 wide bureaucratic corridors. 328 00:26:35,160 --> 00:26:39,920 The search for the responsible authorities, the same switches and barriers and the 329 00:26:39,920 --> 00:26:41,280 many suspicious questions. 330 00:26:41,860 --> 00:26:46,980 You have escaped the terror, now it is you are at the mercy of paperwork. 331 00:26:47,540 --> 00:26:54,400 In freedom, that sounds good, but how sounds workers certificate, affidavit, 332 00:26:54,420 --> 00:26:59,680 Show money, exemption limit, Declaration of safety? 333 00:27:06,000 --> 00:27:09,060 A bit of relief once you do that once behind. 334 00:27:14,480 --> 00:27:16,820 And here the same scene in English. 335 00:27:17,140 --> 00:27:21,420 The Jewish aid center in London. Almost one would like to say contact point. 336 00:27:23,020 --> 00:27:26,940 One of the thousands of refugees his bitterness to this sigh 337 00:27:26,940 --> 00:27:27,940 summarized. 338 00:27:30,500 --> 00:27:34,860 The rich all over the world, them have donated for us and now go. 339 00:27:35,320 --> 00:27:39,540 and get their philanthropic gifts and stand in line with the committee. 340 00:27:39,920 --> 00:27:43,200 Too little to live on, enough to starve. 341 00:27:43,580 --> 00:27:45,380 You have no demand here. 342 00:27:45,920 --> 00:27:48,920 Be glad they don't have you over there completely smitten. 343 00:27:49,460 --> 00:27:51,340 Be grateful according to human toll. 344 00:27:56,940 --> 00:27:58,980 Petty stuff, bureaucracy. 345 00:27:59,680 --> 00:28:02,560 But in some faces it says above all else the question. 346 00:28:03,440 --> 00:28:04,940 What will become of me now? 347 00:28:45,639 --> 00:28:50,420 Finally a ray of hope in the middle the refugee plight. A friendly, 348 00:28:50,520 --> 00:28:54,040 albeit a critically examining welcome for hundreds of Jewish children, 349 00:28:54,200 --> 00:28:56,840 whose parents one, like that Newsreel announcer explained, 350 00:28:56,840 --> 00:28:58,480 transported away, arrested. 351 00:28:58,760 --> 00:29:00,020 Fate uncertain. 352 00:29:01,260 --> 00:29:04,080 Also uncertain what will become of these boys and should be a girl. 353 00:29:04,520 --> 00:29:08,520 The pictures still show something of it the casualness of a school trip. 354 00:29:12,380 --> 00:29:16,160 But the heavy suitcases give it away a long stranger. 355 00:29:38,880 --> 00:29:41,680 This is one of the most evil stories those months. 356 00:29:42,160 --> 00:29:45,780 With 900 Jewish refugees on board the St. Louis has the Atlantic 357 00:29:45,780 --> 00:29:48,280 crossed. Always under the Swastika flag. 358 00:29:48,500 --> 00:29:50,640 But no one was allowed ashore in Havana. 359 00:29:50,880 --> 00:29:53,680 And the ship almost went to Hamburg returned. 360 00:29:53,940 --> 00:29:56,440 At the last moment, Holland became the Savior. 361 00:29:56,920 --> 00:30:00,520 In Amsterdam people could finally off board, exhausted and 362 00:30:00,520 --> 00:30:05,180 resigned from the long wandering and back at the beginning of her search for one 363 00:30:05,180 --> 00:30:06,180 Stay. 364 00:30:10,580 --> 00:30:15,420 Prophetic graphic of an American Newsreel. In the spring of 1939 365 00:30:15,420 --> 00:30:19,640 Hitler's raids predicted with one Reference to the number of Jews at risk 366 00:30:19,640 --> 00:30:20,640 in Europe. 367 00:30:30,250 --> 00:30:34,210 Where did this first stuff come from, then always Hitler's hatred of Jews becoming more cruel? 368 00:30:35,430 --> 00:30:38,090 The four are key experiences Years of hunger and lungfulness that the boy endured 369 00:30:38,090 --> 00:30:42,490 Adolf Hitler in Vienna from 1909 to 1913 spent where he his 370 00:30:42,490 --> 00:30:45,930 Feelings of inferiority caused by them Reading anti-Semitic pamphlets 371 00:30:45,930 --> 00:30:46,930 reacted. 372 00:30:47,890 --> 00:30:51,730 The smell made me feel like this Kaftan wearers sometimes feel bad. 373 00:30:55,660 --> 00:30:59,700 By seeing the Jew as the leader of the Recognized social democracy, it began 374 00:30:59,700 --> 00:31:01,980 me, like scales from my eyes fall. 375 00:31:02,220 --> 00:31:05,700 A long inner battle of souls took place thus his graduation. 376 00:31:06,020 --> 00:31:11,040 I went from being a weak citizen of the world to being became fanatical anti-Semites. 377 00:31:16,160 --> 00:31:19,840 But an individual's obsession would be remained laughable. 378 00:31:20,300 --> 00:31:23,680 she wouldn't have had to deal with the prejudices connected to an entire people who are in 379 00:31:23,680 --> 00:31:26,820 his majority the defeat of First World War still not 380 00:31:26,820 --> 00:31:31,860 accepted. And the petty bourgeois one Anti-Semitism is on the rise forever 381 00:31:31,860 --> 00:31:35,860 Germans to a fantasy, to Idea of a master race 382 00:31:35,860 --> 00:31:36,860 to belong. 383 00:31:39,520 --> 00:31:43,720 The moment of the opening of this Exhibition and handover to the 384 00:31:43,720 --> 00:31:50,680 public offers the opportunity think about it, a jump around 385 00:31:50,680 --> 00:31:55,260 Years, but Vienna again. Be it Ingward, Imperial governor for the Ostmark, 386 00:31:55,300 --> 00:31:58,540 opened the exhibition The Eternal in 1938 Jew. 387 00:31:59,800 --> 00:32:04,320 Anti-Semitism is a state doctrine and Hitler's fears of old become reality 388 00:32:04,320 --> 00:32:09,840 racist threat. ...one cruel and a grisly reality 389 00:32:09,840 --> 00:32:15,940 was. If we today, especially in the... Ostmark, to the questions of Adization 390 00:32:15,940 --> 00:32:16,940 approach, 391 00:32:18,380 --> 00:32:22,960 This is how the whole world should get involved It's clear that the 392 00:32:22,960 --> 00:32:26,100 National Socialism was not destroyed and not smashed. 393 00:32:27,020 --> 00:32:29,640 National Socialism is building. 394 00:32:30,180 --> 00:32:36,400 Our generation has the task provided, the final rights to life 395 00:32:36,400 --> 00:32:41,880 and life requirements of the German to ensure people. Providence 396 00:32:41,880 --> 00:32:44,020 gave us the rifle for the way. 397 00:32:44,480 --> 00:32:47,260 Providence is our guide given. 398 00:32:48,010 --> 00:32:53,350 And to be in the hands of the leader and this path of the German people 399 00:32:53,350 --> 00:32:58,390 Pursuing leaders means that alone the safest rifle that we have 400 00:32:58,390 --> 00:32:59,390 goal will be achieved. 401 00:33:00,270 --> 00:33:02,810 And a little later, in 1941, 402 00:33:03,710 --> 00:33:06,370 There will be a similar show in Paris be shown. 403 00:33:07,670 --> 00:33:09,530 Anti-Semitism as a traveling exhibition. 404 00:33:09,810 --> 00:33:14,010 In the shadow of their conquests the Nazis advertise their racial madness 405 00:33:14,010 --> 00:33:15,690 also in other European cities. 406 00:33:16,590 --> 00:33:20,770 The Jews who went to Paris Immigrants continued to flee. And 407 00:33:20,770 --> 00:33:24,170 the Germans are now clearing the French about what the Jews of the 408 00:33:24,170 --> 00:33:25,890 French literature. 409 00:33:26,430 --> 00:33:30,850 The Parisians, protected by the occupying forces and the Gestapo 410 00:33:30,850 --> 00:33:34,470 back to the danger, for example also the French film from the 411 00:33:34,470 --> 00:33:35,470 threatened Jews. 412 00:33:46,860 --> 00:33:51,300 Whether they even suspect that they are lurking like this Deportation threat prepared? 413 00:33:54,300 --> 00:33:57,300 And so does the hatred of Jews propagated. 414 00:33:58,620 --> 00:34:04,080 Everything weak in life exists in nature infallibly destroyed. We humans have 415 00:34:04,080 --> 00:34:06,440 against this law of nature selection. 416 00:34:06,700 --> 00:34:10,940 Terrible in the last few decades sinned. We don't just have life 417 00:34:10,940 --> 00:34:15,400 received, we also have multiplication for him granted. All this misery would be over 418 00:34:15,400 --> 00:34:19,139 could have been prevented if you had already reproduction used to be hereditary 419 00:34:19,139 --> 00:34:23,679 would have prevented the victim. scenes a film that depicts racial madness 420 00:34:23,679 --> 00:34:27,420 blasphemous as a divine commandment puts down. The murder of the sick, 421 00:34:27,440 --> 00:34:31,139 euphemistically called euthanasia for training for later 422 00:34:31,139 --> 00:34:33,940 Mass murder. Anyone who doesn't trust prevents it. 423 00:34:34,429 --> 00:34:35,929 promotes what is valuable. 424 00:34:36,170 --> 00:34:41,429 The Jewish people are special high percentage of mentally ill people. 425 00:34:41,650 --> 00:34:45,409 They also need healthy, German ones Comrades work. 426 00:34:45,830 --> 00:34:51,929 If we today the great law of the Selection artificially using humane means 427 00:34:51,929 --> 00:34:56,570 restore, then we provide with it the reverence for the laws of 428 00:34:56,570 --> 00:35:00,550 Creator restores and prevents us his order. 429 00:35:04,330 --> 00:35:06,890 Scenes from the inflammatory film The Eternal Jew. 430 00:35:08,250 --> 00:35:12,870 Wherever rats appear, they carry Annihilation in the land, destroy them 431 00:35:12,870 --> 00:35:14,730 human goods and food. 432 00:35:15,050 --> 00:35:20,030 This is how they spread diseases, plague, leprosy, type, 433 00:35:20,050 --> 00:35:21,830 Cholera, rest and so on. 434 00:35:22,270 --> 00:35:27,150 The film was born out of racial hatred, but he is a psychogram of Hitler. 435 00:35:27,630 --> 00:35:32,750 They are deceitful, cowardly and cruel and usually appear in large flocks. 436 00:35:33,740 --> 00:35:37,940 They represent the element among animals the insidious underground 437 00:35:37,940 --> 00:35:38,940 destruction. 438 00:35:39,640 --> 00:35:42,680 No different than the Jews among them people. 439 00:35:42,940 --> 00:35:46,560 This is translated into many languages Film becomes a propaganda weapon. 440 00:35:51,520 --> 00:35:55,600 Seven months before the start of the war, which he prepares himself, explains 441 00:35:55,600 --> 00:35:56,600 Hitler. 442 00:36:00,700 --> 00:36:03,020 I want to be a prophet again today. 443 00:36:05,070 --> 00:36:09,750 If it's international Financial Judaism in and outside Europe 444 00:36:09,750 --> 00:36:15,550 should succeed, the peoples once again to plunge into a world war, then will 445 00:36:15,550 --> 00:36:19,570 the result is not Bolshevization of the earth and with it the victory of 446 00:36:19,570 --> 00:36:23,210 Judaism, but destruction the Jewish race in Europe. 447 00:36:36,330 --> 00:36:37,770 What is this Hitler leading? 448 00:36:38,110 --> 00:36:39,270 A war? 449 00:36:39,650 --> 00:36:42,790 We're going to Poland to meet Jews spank. 450 00:36:43,630 --> 00:36:48,050 That's the whole bad truth. A little Viennese loiterer wants it 451 00:36:48,050 --> 00:36:49,250 Show the world who he is. 452 00:36:49,950 --> 00:36:54,470 He is waging a double war. Against countries and always against the Jews. 453 00:36:58,110 --> 00:37:03,490 The campaign in Poland gave us an opportunity given, Judaism at its 454 00:37:03,490 --> 00:37:04,910 Get to know the nesting site. 455 00:37:05,440 --> 00:37:08,260 Almost four million Jews live here Poland. 456 00:37:09,040 --> 00:37:12,540 However, you will find them under the farming population in vain 457 00:37:12,540 --> 00:37:13,540 search. 458 00:37:13,700 --> 00:37:17,640 They are not under the tangle either had to suffer during the war, like that 459 00:37:17,640 --> 00:37:19,520 native Polish population. 460 00:37:20,360 --> 00:37:24,260 This inflammatory voice from the newsreel will to the tenor of the war that Hitler considered 461 00:37:24,260 --> 00:37:27,100 Pursuit and extermination march against the people of the Jews operate. 462 00:37:27,460 --> 00:37:31,480 The streets of Polish cities are raging Terror manifests itself in desert pogroms. 463 00:37:31,920 --> 00:37:33,900 Hitler's hatred of Jews affected thousands... 464 00:37:34,320 --> 00:37:38,560 Tens of thousands of helpers found and Hundreds of thousands of victims. 465 00:37:50,020 --> 00:37:54,960 When later the war against the Soviet Union is led, here German 466 00:37:54,960 --> 00:38:00,120 Troops entering Riga, as the so-called living space conquered in the east 467 00:38:00,120 --> 00:38:04,580 that Hitler used as a replacement for colonies had already claimed in Mein Kampf, 468 00:38:04,700 --> 00:38:08,300 takes next to the actual one Acts of war and the persecution of Jews 469 00:38:08,300 --> 00:38:10,140 ever larger dimensions. 470 00:38:21,120 --> 00:38:24,960 And the fanatical voice of the Newsreel is always there. 471 00:38:25,240 --> 00:38:29,380 The lazy Jews will immediately close used in the clean-up work. 472 00:38:38,800 --> 00:38:42,900 What is pre-exercised here then serves in the concentration camps as 473 00:38:42,900 --> 00:38:46,040 Extermination method. destruction through work. 474 00:38:51,640 --> 00:38:58,600 And in all places, here 475 00:38:58,600 --> 00:39:04,140 the small town of Jonova, the same Scenes. The war has moved on 476 00:39:04,140 --> 00:39:05,360 Manhunt begins. 477 00:39:12,080 --> 00:39:15,940 Become anywhere in the conquered territory Hanging scaffolds erected. 478 00:39:16,180 --> 00:39:17,700 They don't stay empty. 479 00:39:18,500 --> 00:39:22,060 Documents of the war or the grimace of hate. 480 00:39:33,480 --> 00:39:38,760 The conquerors, the race fanatics their entourage, the accomplices in the 481 00:39:38,760 --> 00:39:43,220 Uniforms of the SS and SD and police probably had a reason here too 482 00:39:43,220 --> 00:39:45,360 Film propaganda to cover up the horrors. 483 00:39:45,800 --> 00:39:49,860 Everything should look normal, like a raid or even a normal one 484 00:39:49,860 --> 00:39:52,540 Market control in some small town in the east. 485 00:39:53,480 --> 00:39:55,840 Pictures from a German Police educational film. 486 00:40:10,090 --> 00:40:13,670 But how you lead people away will too taught. 487 00:40:23,230 --> 00:40:25,590 And this is what reality looks like. 488 00:40:39,980 --> 00:40:44,580 In the chaos of these places, this one shocking documentaries 489 00:40:44,580 --> 00:40:48,100 but above all before the furor of someone like that poaching people hunting something like that 490 00:40:48,100 --> 00:40:49,620 like telling a story. 491 00:40:50,600 --> 00:40:52,600 The pictures should speak for themselves. 492 00:41:45,120 --> 00:41:46,280 Pictures from Krakow. 493 00:41:46,960 --> 00:41:50,140 The glory of the beautiful old ones You can't see them in a Catholic city 494 00:41:50,140 --> 00:41:51,140 more on. 495 00:41:51,200 --> 00:41:54,260 First are the Jews from the Polish driven from villages to small towns 496 00:41:54,260 --> 00:41:57,860 been, then you have them in forever tried to concentrate in larger places 497 00:41:57,860 --> 00:42:02,100 and now they are driving them there too Narrow, in the poor neighborhoods, in the 498 00:42:02,100 --> 00:42:03,760 darkest and most fragile quarters. 499 00:42:05,040 --> 00:42:08,940 There were already Jewish ghettos in Poland Not for a long time, in the sense of being stricter 500 00:42:08,940 --> 00:42:10,500 religious self-encirclement. 501 00:42:11,190 --> 00:42:14,770 Ghettos, this is going to be a new one Invention of the National Socialists. 502 00:42:17,350 --> 00:42:21,950 But moving to the other side is just the prelude to the final 503 00:42:21,950 --> 00:42:22,950 Deportation. 504 00:42:38,410 --> 00:42:43,070 It'll take a moment Peace look like peacefulness and 505 00:42:43,070 --> 00:42:47,690 Liveliness, after a sunny and busy everyday life in a neighborhood 506 00:42:47,690 --> 00:42:48,690 little people. 507 00:42:48,970 --> 00:42:52,890 The Warsaw Ghetto is like that Germans come, not a ghetto, but 508 00:42:52,890 --> 00:42:55,130 it is the poorest Jewish quarter of Warsaw. 509 00:42:55,510 --> 00:42:58,450 Here are hardship and piety traditionally at home. 510 00:42:59,470 --> 00:43:03,170 The writer Isaac Singer, who grew up here, shortly before 511 00:43:03,170 --> 00:43:05,030 Get a look at this area done. 512 00:43:07,020 --> 00:43:10,520 In the streets of the Jewish Quarter it was busy as always. 513 00:43:11,000 --> 00:43:15,300 That morning I had the feeling to see all this for the last time. 514 00:43:15,700 --> 00:43:20,220 I tried every alley, every one Buildings, every shop and every face 515 00:43:20,220 --> 00:43:21,800 to imprint in memory. 516 00:43:22,160 --> 00:43:27,140 I thought this was the case for a condemned man to be on his way to 517 00:43:27,140 --> 00:43:29,580 Gallows one last look at the world throws. 518 00:43:30,040 --> 00:43:34,900 I said goodbye to every peddler, every porter and every market woman. 519 00:43:35,530 --> 00:43:38,630 I saw one of each of them Expression that I didn't use before 520 00:43:38,630 --> 00:43:39,630 was noticed. 521 00:43:50,810 --> 00:43:56,170 I went to one on Gnojena Street moment in the large teaching house 522 00:43:56,170 --> 00:43:57,049 Number 5. 523 00:43:57,050 --> 00:44:00,770 The walls were blackened, the books stained and torn. 524 00:44:01,030 --> 00:44:04,390 At the reading desk at the holy shrine priest cantor God. 525 00:44:04,910 --> 00:44:07,730 who had promised the dead to resurrect. 526 00:44:52,830 --> 00:44:54,110 Warsaw, 15. 527 00:44:54,410 --> 00:44:55,490 November 1940. 528 00:44:56,670 --> 00:45:00,190 Today became the Jewish ghetto officially established. 529 00:45:00,450 --> 00:45:05,170 The work on the walls, which is almost three meters high, has already 530 00:45:05,170 --> 00:45:10,750 started. Guarded by Nazi soldiers, Jewish bricklayers pile up bricks 531 00:45:10,750 --> 00:45:11,750 Brick. 532 00:45:12,670 --> 00:45:16,550 Jews are forbidden to... outside the boundaries of the ghetto 533 00:45:16,550 --> 00:45:19,850 move from certain streets be formed. 534 00:45:20,650 --> 00:45:22,190 There is great excitement. 535 00:45:22,990 --> 00:45:25,730 People rush nervously in the streets back and forth. 536 00:45:27,390 --> 00:45:31,430 At the end of the streets that aren't there yet are completely closed to traffic, 537 00:45:31,510 --> 00:45:33,550 There are German guards. 538 00:45:34,650 --> 00:45:39,050 Germans and Poles are allowed to do that enter cordoned-off neighborhoods, but none 539 00:45:39,050 --> 00:45:40,290 Carry packages with you. 540 00:45:41,130 --> 00:45:45,430 The specter of starvation is upon us in front of everyone. 541 00:45:49,550 --> 00:45:52,910 The housing shortage in this area is now really on the rise district that has become a ghetto 542 00:45:52,910 --> 00:45:56,550 catastrophic. A room for 13 People, this will soon be the norm. 543 00:45:57,350 --> 00:46:01,690 Around lived here until October 1939 350,000 people. 544 00:46:01,930 --> 00:46:06,530 But more than 100,000 are added. From They will come from everywhere anyway 545 00:46:06,530 --> 00:46:08,730 tiny rooms and old houses pushed in. 546 00:46:09,450 --> 00:46:13,570 And one in five people dies Ghetto imprisoned Jews starving, 547 00:46:13,670 --> 00:46:15,670 typhus or other diseases. 548 00:46:15,950 --> 00:46:18,450 The daily ration is 300 Calories. 549 00:46:18,940 --> 00:46:23,180 But even those are not distributed. Hunger is the first thing for the Nazis 550 00:46:23,180 --> 00:46:24,300 become a weapon of extermination. 551 00:46:24,620 --> 00:46:28,520 The need cries out to heaven. No, her shouts at the next person. 552 00:46:30,320 --> 00:46:34,500 The ghetto's population is growing constantly. The flow of refugees is increasing 553 00:46:34,500 --> 00:46:35,319 not off. 554 00:46:35,320 --> 00:46:37,460 The people are ragged and barefoot. 555 00:46:37,860 --> 00:46:41,440 Her eyes have the tragic expression of starving people. 556 00:46:42,140 --> 00:46:46,780 One of the plagues of the ghetto is Beggars who are constantly multiplying. 557 00:46:47,290 --> 00:46:49,830 When they are exhausted and their swollen feet no longer 558 00:46:49,830 --> 00:46:54,170 carry on, sit on it Edge of the sidewalk or on a wall. 559 00:46:54,430 --> 00:46:57,770 And when the hunger gets even worse tortured, they begin to scream. 560 00:46:58,070 --> 00:47:00,970 This is how the angry type emerges beggars. 561 00:47:39,720 --> 00:47:43,480 Initially the penalty was for Food smuggling into Ghetto 1000 562 00:47:43,480 --> 00:47:46,740 Two weeks or three to six months Prison. 563 00:47:47,060 --> 00:47:50,860 Finally the arrangement came up leaving the ghetto without 564 00:47:50,860 --> 00:47:53,220 Permit the death penalty threatened. 565 00:47:53,720 --> 00:47:57,540 Because the usual way of smuggling periodic visits to the Aryan 566 00:47:57,540 --> 00:48:02,040 Page required, this was a difficult one Blow. Many were because of 567 00:48:02,040 --> 00:48:03,660 shot while trying to smuggle food. 568 00:48:03,860 --> 00:48:08,700 The losses in this fight for food were big, especially among the children. 569 00:48:13,100 --> 00:48:18,340 And every day the detention center took hundreds of new prisoners, no, victims 570 00:48:18,340 --> 00:48:19,340 on. 571 00:48:43,850 --> 00:48:48,990 In 1941, when hunger and typhus died terrible ghetto stage dominated, 572 00:48:49,030 --> 00:48:54,510 as the victims numbered 6,000, 7,000 and more You could count every month 573 00:48:54,510 --> 00:48:58,450 Tomorrow the streets with corpses find the faces filled with 574 00:48:58,450 --> 00:49:02,530 covered with dirty newspapers. The Relatives had neither the material ones 575 00:49:02,530 --> 00:49:06,310 Means nor the spiritual strength for her to arrange a funeral for the dead. 576 00:49:06,810 --> 00:49:10,570 Dead, dead and more dead lined the streets the streets. 577 00:49:11,070 --> 00:49:13,970 And yet the ghetto was still overcrowded with living people. 578 00:49:14,290 --> 00:49:18,690 People were making their way through that loud crowds, intent on each other 579 00:49:18,690 --> 00:49:23,910 not to touch, because touch could mean typhoid infection. And all the time 580 00:49:23,910 --> 00:49:25,610 the dead carts were on the way. 581 00:50:02,570 --> 00:50:03,570 Thank you. 582 00:51:11,530 --> 00:51:17,130 As quiet as the scenes of death are, so those of deportation are tumultuous. 583 00:51:18,270 --> 00:51:21,470 In the beginning you had people with you Promises, sometimes just one 584 00:51:21,470 --> 00:51:22,810 Leib tries to lure bread. 585 00:51:23,310 --> 00:51:25,850 Later the ghetto became literally empty whipped. 586 00:51:26,150 --> 00:51:27,670 During the period from the 22nd 587 00:51:27,930 --> 00:51:33,410 July to October 3, 1942 310,000 people to Treblinka in the 588 00:51:33,410 --> 00:51:34,348 driven to death. 589 00:51:34,350 --> 00:51:36,390 And further deportations followed. 590 00:51:36,890 --> 00:51:40,670 A call from the underground newspaper Sturm shouted to the people. 591 00:51:42,160 --> 00:51:43,160 Jew man is deceiving you. 592 00:51:43,680 --> 00:51:46,920 Don't think you're going to work be deported. You will die 593 00:51:46,920 --> 00:51:48,620 sent. Offers resistance. 594 00:51:48,940 --> 00:51:50,540 Don't go to the Umschlagplatz. 595 00:51:50,960 --> 00:51:52,040 Fight for your life. 596 00:52:13,610 --> 00:52:17,750 And there was an uprising on the 19th. April SS units under the 597 00:52:17,750 --> 00:52:21,610 Brigadier Strob is deployed, about the deportation of the last 40,000 598 00:52:21,610 --> 00:52:24,310 Warsaw Jews to force. But those defend themselves. 599 00:52:27,690 --> 00:52:30,170 Die with dignity was one slogan. 600 00:52:31,270 --> 00:52:35,590 Strob and his men set up houses Fire to the resistance of the ghetto 601 00:52:35,590 --> 00:52:36,590 -fighters to break. 602 00:52:36,730 --> 00:52:40,330 The SS's major operation becomes a major one Passion. 603 00:52:41,480 --> 00:52:44,680 It becomes an occasion for the most desperate and passionate 604 00:52:44,680 --> 00:52:46,020 rebellion in this century. 605 00:52:47,000 --> 00:52:51,280 The uprising lasts four weeks and the SS is waging war as if against one 606 00:52:51,280 --> 00:52:52,280 Elite army. 607 00:52:54,260 --> 00:52:58,720 And this is what these fighters look like, these People who have been in the 608 00:52:58,720 --> 00:53:00,540 were crammed together in the ghetto. 609 00:53:05,580 --> 00:53:08,920 had women and children in hiding a solution was given. 610 00:53:09,360 --> 00:53:10,279 But on the 16th 611 00:53:10,280 --> 00:53:12,880 May 1943 there are no more hiding places. 612 00:53:20,700 --> 00:53:25,680 And with one of the saddest sentences German language proudly overwrites the 613 00:53:25,680 --> 00:53:27,340 SS leader Strob his report. 614 00:53:27,760 --> 00:53:31,400 There is no Jewish residential area in Warsaw more. 615 00:53:55,470 --> 00:54:00,630 No, this is not a chimera. That is, for a few, in the early 1940s 616 00:54:00,630 --> 00:54:03,810 once a panicked attempt to escape. A last escape. 617 00:54:04,510 --> 00:54:07,810 Holland is no longer a refuge, but rather Shanghai. 618 00:54:08,070 --> 00:54:12,210 And the remoteness of the rescue locations reveals how far you have to flee to 619 00:54:12,210 --> 00:54:13,210 To escape Hitler. 620 00:54:17,890 --> 00:54:19,470 And even that exists. 621 00:54:20,250 --> 00:54:22,030 Australia as the promised land. 622 00:54:22,490 --> 00:54:26,870 Sydney Harbor provides asylum for a privileged few. But too 623 00:54:26,870 --> 00:54:29,790 It's not forgotten, it still exists the world. 624 00:54:35,170 --> 00:54:39,310 Emigration to Palestine, on the other hand is from Great Britain, which is there 625 00:54:39,310 --> 00:54:42,450 Mandate rule has, in a sad way Minimum reduced. 626 00:54:44,590 --> 00:54:48,730 And the pictures of achieving that safe harbor testify once again 627 00:54:48,730 --> 00:54:50,510 the uncertainty of reaching him. 628 00:54:54,350 --> 00:54:58,790 And the paper with the right stamp is now also required here. 629 00:55:05,130 --> 00:55:10,490 Most beautiful, most expensive, most exclusive Berlin area. That which is a first address 630 00:55:10,490 --> 00:55:16,270 calls. Access to the villa on the large Wannsee 56 to 58. A house for 631 00:55:16,270 --> 00:55:18,450 Driveways and socializing and festivity. 632 00:55:19,210 --> 00:55:23,350 By the way, today it is the country school home the one that is more built up with tenements 633 00:55:23,350 --> 00:55:24,870 Berlin district of Neukölln. 634 00:55:32,890 --> 00:55:38,950 At that time, 14 gentlemen met here Chairmanship of SD leader Heydrich. Back then, 635 00:55:38,950 --> 00:55:40,850 that was January 20, 1942. 636 00:55:41,590 --> 00:55:43,010 In this room... 637 00:55:43,280 --> 00:55:47,300 Party and SS leaders sat down, Police commanders, but also them 638 00:55:47,300 --> 00:55:51,360 State Secretaries of Justice, Interior and Foreign Ministry together to 639 00:55:51,360 --> 00:55:55,400 Göring's order for the dissolution of the Jewish question organizationally 640 00:55:55,400 --> 00:55:56,400 coordinate. 641 00:55:57,100 --> 00:56:01,520 Dissolution, that meant extermination. The number of victims, 11 million. 642 00:56:09,100 --> 00:56:10,860 Filmed from the water. 643 00:56:11,230 --> 00:56:14,710 Doesn't this villa look like hell that was planned therein, 644 00:56:14,810 --> 00:56:17,850 but completely peaceful if also a bit pretentious. 645 00:56:18,450 --> 00:56:23,150 But also listen to the protocol at the time You can only see hell with careful ears 646 00:56:23,150 --> 00:56:24,150 on. 647 00:56:30,710 --> 00:56:35,330 In the wake of the Final Solution, Europe will be... Combed west to east. 648 00:56:35,930 --> 00:56:40,310 As part of this final solution, the... Jews in the East for work 649 00:56:40,310 --> 00:56:41,310 come. 650 00:56:41,390 --> 00:56:45,710 They will be road building into this Areas led, with undoubtedly one 651 00:56:45,710 --> 00:56:48,530 Mostly through natural degradation will fail. 652 00:56:53,610 --> 00:56:57,910 Any remaining stock will be treated accordingly 653 00:56:57,910 --> 00:57:02,890 must, as this will be considered upon release The nucleus of a new Jewish structure 654 00:57:02,890 --> 00:57:04,090 needs to be addressed. 655 00:57:22,590 --> 00:57:25,610 Which was the hardest day for the Jews in the twelve years of hell? 656 00:57:25,970 --> 00:57:28,510 I never have another answer received as this. 657 00:57:28,990 --> 00:57:29,990 The 19th 658 00:57:30,030 --> 00:57:31,330 September 1941. 659 00:57:32,310 --> 00:57:36,650 From then on the Jewish Star was to be worn, the six-pointed Star of David. 660 00:57:36,970 --> 00:57:40,730 Now it no longer mattered whether the Jewish houses were scattered, because 661 00:57:40,730 --> 00:57:44,570 every Star Jew carried his ghetto with him itself, like a snail in its house. 662 00:57:49,100 --> 00:57:52,880 This is what Viktor Klemperer writes in his Experience report about the Third Reich. 663 00:57:53,480 --> 00:57:57,500 And scenes like that didn't happen somewhere, but right among us. 664 00:57:57,900 --> 00:58:00,760 We were witnesses, if not perpetrators were. 665 00:58:01,660 --> 00:58:05,280 This propaganda film from Stuttgart should actually whom again 666 00:58:05,280 --> 00:58:07,460 lie that the Jews are doing well. 667 00:58:08,100 --> 00:58:12,980 The star only signaled, that they now had nothing left, that 668 00:58:12,980 --> 00:58:14,140 they were not allowed to have anything anymore. 669 00:58:15,280 --> 00:58:17,320 Not pets and not radios. 670 00:58:17,980 --> 00:58:20,560 No bicycles and no electric ones Devices. 671 00:58:21,300 --> 00:58:24,420 And public transport was now denied to them too. 672 00:58:24,800 --> 00:58:26,880 Because the star gave her away. 673 00:58:27,520 --> 00:58:31,400 The Nazi cameras lined up here, too whatever purposes observed, 674 00:58:31,540 --> 00:58:36,360 no, commanded, how many days remain with them until they are deported. 675 00:58:41,120 --> 00:58:46,540 Because this other movie, that scene is Stuttgart, again, comes almost from the 676 00:58:46,540 --> 00:58:47,540 same time. 677 00:58:47,710 --> 00:58:48,710 Transport. 678 00:58:49,090 --> 00:58:52,270 From the instructions of a Jewish woman Cultural association. 679 00:58:54,170 --> 00:58:59,010 This arrangement applies to you and yours wife. The luggage to be taken with you sets 680 00:58:59,010 --> 00:59:03,490 consists of travel and hand luggage. Only a coupe is allowed as luggage 681 00:59:03,490 --> 00:59:07,270 -Took a suitcase and a backpack become. Hand luggage is only allowed 682 00:59:07,270 --> 00:59:12,810 consist of one piece nightwear, a blanket, food vessel, spoon, 683 00:59:12,810 --> 00:59:14,550 Drinking cups and food. 684 00:59:15,150 --> 00:59:20,430 All luggage to be taken with you is allowed weigh no more than 50 kilograms. Who 685 00:59:20,430 --> 00:59:23,910 does not comply with these provisions, has to deal with the loss of his luggage 686 00:59:23,910 --> 00:59:28,030 calculate. For catering in the Collective accommodation is provided by us 687 00:59:28,030 --> 00:59:32,850 become. Standing in the collective accommodation Patients and nursing staff available 688 00:59:32,850 --> 00:59:37,410 available. There is one in the complex Leaflet attached, all of this 689 00:59:37,410 --> 00:59:39,190 contains instructions to be followed. 690 00:59:39,900 --> 00:59:43,200 Our people affected by migration Members must be aware 691 00:59:43,300 --> 00:59:47,660 that they through their personal Behavior is crucial for smooth 692 00:59:47,660 --> 00:59:49,680 Contribute to the handling of the transport can. 693 01:00:24,170 --> 01:00:28,150 Not all affected Jews showed up in the collection camps. The number of 694 01:00:28,150 --> 01:00:30,530 Suicides after receiving one Instruction was great. 695 01:00:31,070 --> 01:00:34,810 And a few thousand still found accommodation and hiding with brave friends. 696 01:00:35,070 --> 01:00:37,970 Because there weren't just apathetic ones Witnesses, not just perpetrators. 697 01:00:38,230 --> 01:00:41,310 There were also neighbors, helpers, rescuers. 698 01:01:13,160 --> 01:01:17,340 In October 1941 the first Berliner Transport put together. 699 01:01:17,840 --> 01:01:22,560 As a result, transports continued to run of 1000 to 1500 men at intervals 700 01:01:22,560 --> 01:01:23,560 from three to six weeks. 701 01:01:24,540 --> 01:01:28,200 It was a terrible and shocking picture, on collection days 702 01:01:28,200 --> 01:01:32,080 Jewish family by family from father to Youngest, accompanied by the crying ones 703 01:01:32,080 --> 01:01:33,960 Friends, go to the meeting point see. 704 01:01:34,440 --> 01:01:38,760 The winter of 1942-43 was the most terrible time I have ever experienced 705 01:01:38,760 --> 01:01:43,870 have. Once all Jews became eight Camped at a branch station in Berlin 706 01:01:43,870 --> 01:01:46,410 the waiting cattle wagons are loaded and deported. 707 01:01:46,610 --> 01:01:53,390 A later count showed that with this transport on March 3, 1943 12,000 708 01:01:53,390 --> 01:01:54,710 Jews left Berlin. 709 01:02:17,740 --> 01:02:21,240 There were twelve wagons and there were us 650. 710 01:02:22,320 --> 01:02:25,540 My wagon only held 45, but it was small. 711 01:02:26,160 --> 01:02:30,320 So now we had in mind and one of those under our feet 712 01:02:30,320 --> 01:02:34,820 infamous German transport trains, which do not return and from which we 713 01:02:34,820 --> 01:02:38,760 shuddering and always a bit disbelieving had heard so many times. 714 01:02:39,240 --> 01:02:44,940 It's true down to the last detail. From Boxcars locked outside and inside 715 01:02:44,940 --> 01:02:46,880 Men, women and children. 716 01:02:48,120 --> 01:02:51,540 Huddled together mercilessly, on the Drive to nowhere. 717 01:02:52,180 --> 01:02:54,020 This time we are inside. 718 01:02:54,660 --> 01:02:59,380 The train drove slowly and at long, grueling stays. But just 719 01:02:59,380 --> 01:03:03,780 the privations, the cold and the We are thirsty during the journey and 720 01:03:03,780 --> 01:03:08,020 even afterwards in front of the emptiness of one bottomless despair. 721 01:03:08,640 --> 01:03:13,260 Next to me and like myself between Body and body pushed, was during the 722 01:03:13,260 --> 01:03:14,680 been a woman the whole trip. 723 01:03:15,400 --> 01:03:17,080 We knew little about each other. 724 01:03:18,060 --> 01:03:22,740 Back then, in the hour of decision, we said things to each other that are under 725 01:03:22,740 --> 01:03:23,740 Living doesn't say. 726 01:03:24,040 --> 01:03:27,100 Everyone said goodbye to each other life. 727 01:03:27,420 --> 01:03:28,920 We were no longer afraid. 728 01:04:07,640 --> 01:04:11,700 Scenes from the never performed Propaganda film called The Leader 729 01:04:11,700 --> 01:04:13,060 gives the Jews a city. 730 01:04:13,400 --> 01:04:16,820 But there is no question of a city be. It's the ghetto 731 01:04:16,820 --> 01:04:20,700 -Theresienstadt camp, about 80 kilometers north of Prague. 732 01:04:37,360 --> 01:04:41,340 The prisoners and only those who are still there were not emaciated to the point of a skeleton, 733 01:04:41,440 --> 01:04:46,420 were temporary for filming released, dressed, made up 734 01:04:46,420 --> 01:04:48,720 and under the strictest surveillance used. 735 01:05:22,580 --> 01:05:27,260 But people's faces, theirs Looks didn't cooperate. 736 01:05:30,920 --> 01:05:34,000 And even the barrack coziness is just backdrop. 737 01:05:34,280 --> 01:05:38,700 The actual camp was an old, cold fortress consisting of several complexes. 738 01:05:39,600 --> 01:05:43,120 After-work idyll or death charades. 739 01:06:21,360 --> 01:06:23,900 in Theresienstadt for a football competition. 740 01:06:24,420 --> 01:06:28,420 In order to accommodate the crowd, The competition always takes place on the farm 741 01:06:28,420 --> 01:06:29,840 a former barracks. 742 01:06:30,860 --> 01:06:34,380 Because of the somewhat limited scope are the two teams only ever 743 01:06:34,380 --> 01:06:35,380 seven men strong. 744 01:06:36,020 --> 01:06:40,440 Nevertheless, from beginning to end the enthusiastic spectators 745 01:06:40,440 --> 01:06:41,860 played a tough game. 746 01:06:46,240 --> 01:06:50,580 Do you still have to raise an objection? say that everything is a lie? 747 01:06:51,130 --> 01:06:55,530 The game, the fighting spirit, leisure time, the Passion for sports. 748 01:06:56,110 --> 01:07:00,790 Isn't the horror too physical? feel about this horrible game 749 01:07:00,790 --> 01:07:03,270 there for the camera in the summer of 1944 is arranged? 750 01:07:04,570 --> 01:07:08,630 There are already about there in Theresienstadt 30,000 people from hunger and disease 751 01:07:08,630 --> 01:07:12,210 died and more than twice as many driven to the extermination camps 752 01:07:12,210 --> 01:07:13,210 been. 753 01:07:13,510 --> 01:07:19,070 Theresienstadt is a transit camp, Transit between one death or that 754 01:07:19,070 --> 01:07:20,070 others. 755 01:07:20,750 --> 01:07:24,790 All contributors to this film will after filming was completed 756 01:07:24,790 --> 01:07:25,930 Deported to death camps. 757 01:07:39,970 --> 01:07:43,630 Heinrich Himmler, Reichsführer SS, visits a Soviet camp 758 01:07:43,630 --> 01:07:47,150 Prisoner of war in Minsk. They are next to the Jews the hardest 759 01:07:47,150 --> 01:07:48,150 affected victims. 760 01:07:48,220 --> 01:07:50,720 3.7 million die in Germans Store. 761 01:07:51,140 --> 01:07:54,060 Himmler gave a speech in Posen in 1943 hold. 762 01:07:54,860 --> 01:07:59,140 The Jewish people will be exterminated, says every party member. Quite clearly, 763 01:07:59,220 --> 01:08:00,880 it's in our program, we'll do it. 764 01:08:01,480 --> 01:08:04,200 Of all the people who talk like that, none of them have watched. 765 01:08:04,560 --> 01:08:05,960 Nobody made it through. 766 01:08:06,200 --> 01:08:10,120 Most of you will know what it is said when there are 100 corpses together 767 01:08:10,120 --> 01:08:13,700 lie if 500 lie there or if 1000 lying there. 768 01:08:14,100 --> 01:08:15,840 To have gotten through this. 769 01:08:16,189 --> 01:08:19,450 And to have remained decent, that made us tough. 770 01:08:21,569 --> 01:08:24,529 Himmler speaks of the so-called Task Forces. 771 01:08:24,770 --> 01:08:29,090 They've been shooting since the summer of 1941 conquered territories in the Soviet Union 772 01:08:29,090 --> 01:08:33,210 Jew-free. Four of these commands are at work for years. 773 01:08:33,830 --> 01:08:36,850 About a million Jews die in the Execution pits. 774 01:08:37,250 --> 01:08:40,770 Even after gas chambers and Incinerators make up the main part 775 01:08:40,770 --> 01:08:43,670 have taken over genocide, they go Shootings continue. 776 01:09:08,720 --> 01:09:09,720 I'm still alive. 777 01:09:10,720 --> 01:09:12,740 The victims stand in line and wait, until it's their turn. 778 01:09:13,140 --> 01:09:14,140 They do it like that. 779 01:09:14,620 --> 01:09:16,920 Before the grave you become completely naked stripped. 780 01:09:17,240 --> 01:09:18,979 The whole procedure doesn't take long. 781 01:09:19,580 --> 01:09:21,020 Why can't we scream? 782 01:09:21,340 --> 01:09:22,899 Why can't we defend ourselves? 783 01:09:23,420 --> 01:09:26,180 Do you think we want to end like this? So die? 784 01:09:26,580 --> 01:09:28,620 No, we don't want to. 785 01:09:55,820 --> 01:09:58,400 That's what it said in the minutes called the Wannsee Conference. 786 01:09:58,640 --> 01:10:02,340 In the course of the practice of release Europe from west to east 787 01:10:02,340 --> 01:10:06,340 combed through. The evacuated Jews are initially divided into so-called passageways 788 01:10:06,340 --> 01:10:10,000 -Ghettos spent from there transported further to the east 789 01:10:10,000 --> 01:10:11,000 become. 790 01:10:11,720 --> 01:10:17,060 Everywhere Europe was now being invaded by the SS and the SD from west to east 791 01:10:17,060 --> 01:10:18,060 combed through. 792 01:10:18,460 --> 01:10:22,340 Transit station for all Jews Holland is the collection camp Westerbork, 793 01:10:22,460 --> 01:10:24,480 which has its own siding. 794 01:10:25,260 --> 01:10:29,240 This is the only one known Film document about the deportations. 795 01:10:29,600 --> 01:10:34,600 The contrast cannot be described Platform and limbo, from 796 01:10:34,600 --> 01:10:37,200 Departure mood and death procession. 797 01:10:37,680 --> 01:10:41,500 An eyewitness, herself an inmate Camp Westerbork, which was there as 798 01:10:41,500 --> 01:10:45,420 Nurse worked, has the processes described. You almost want to 799 01:10:45,420 --> 01:10:49,660 say as if she could do the incomprehensible really can't believe it. 800 01:10:50,680 --> 01:10:52,720 The train will leave at 11 a.m. 801 01:10:53,130 --> 01:10:56,270 You start by inviting People and backpacks. Already since 802 01:10:56,270 --> 01:10:57,910 yesterday the train was in our warehouse. 803 01:10:58,170 --> 01:11:02,630 In front a desolate row of colorless ones Freight wagons, a passenger car in the back 804 01:11:02,630 --> 01:11:03,630 for the accompanying staff. 805 01:11:04,070 --> 01:11:07,550 There is more and more movement on the Asphalt path along the train. 806 01:11:07,810 --> 01:11:11,150 Men of the flying column drive Luggage on push carts. 807 01:11:23,600 --> 01:11:25,400 More and more people are filling them freight wagon. 808 01:11:25,620 --> 01:11:27,280 The wagons are already full. 809 01:11:27,900 --> 01:11:30,200 Good heavens, everyone wants them too into it? 810 01:11:31,080 --> 01:11:33,340 We have been experiencing this here for a long time now than a year. 811 01:11:33,560 --> 01:11:34,560 Week after week. 812 01:11:34,700 --> 01:11:37,620 Already a hundred thousand of ours Comrades in fate are suffering 813 01:11:37,620 --> 01:11:39,640 foreign sky or in front of modern in alien earth. 814 01:11:40,220 --> 01:11:41,780 We know nothing of their fate. 815 01:11:42,540 --> 01:11:45,440 Maybe we'll know soon. Everyone in their own time. 816 01:12:07,040 --> 01:12:10,860 You can see through the narrow openings Heads and hands later than the train 817 01:12:10,860 --> 01:12:11,860 departs, wave. 818 01:12:35,790 --> 01:12:37,830 My heavens, do these doors really open all closed? 819 01:12:38,370 --> 01:12:41,930 Yes, they are closing. The doors are over the pressed together, 820 01:12:41,950 --> 01:12:44,750 crowds pushed back into the Freight wagons closed. 821 01:13:56,620 --> 01:13:58,260 The tracks end here. 822 01:13:58,680 --> 01:14:00,340 The journey ends here. 823 01:14:00,720 --> 01:14:02,080 Death begins here. 824 01:14:03,180 --> 01:14:06,100 Auschwitz, arrival in Auschwitz-Birkenau. 825 01:14:06,640 --> 01:14:11,360 But that's me falling out and Staggering out and choking out those 826 01:14:11,380 --> 01:14:14,120 those after days of travel in the wagons have survived. 827 01:14:14,760 --> 01:14:18,340 The infamous train platform, the Selection ramp. 828 01:14:19,800 --> 01:14:23,220 Auschwitz is the largest of six Extermination camps in Poland. 829 01:14:23,520 --> 01:14:26,780 But it also serves as Labor camp for German industry, 830 01:14:26,820 --> 01:14:28,600 which has settled there. 831 01:14:29,340 --> 01:14:32,280 And so they are still on the ramp people separated. 832 01:14:33,240 --> 01:14:38,380 People who wear glasses, invalids, old people, Women with children will immediately 833 01:14:38,380 --> 01:14:40,960 selected and sent to the gas chambers sent. 834 01:14:41,580 --> 01:14:43,660 Half an hour later they become dead be. 835 01:14:44,040 --> 01:14:45,920 An hour later there was only ash. 836 01:15:07,500 --> 01:15:13,100 This is what almost all of them look like, these camps, these concentration camps, these so-called 837 01:15:13,100 --> 01:15:18,200 Concentration camp. Double Wire entanglement, the inside with high voltage 838 01:15:18,200 --> 01:15:20,280 electrically charged, escape impossible. 839 01:15:22,080 --> 01:15:23,080 Concentration camp. 840 01:15:38,090 --> 01:15:43,190 And so, as geometric structures, they saw the Americans in 1944 841 01:15:43,190 --> 01:15:47,370 secret aerial photographs of Auschwitz made, but probably more because of the 842 01:15:47,370 --> 01:15:48,990 Industrial facilities that belonged to it. 843 01:15:57,870 --> 01:16:01,430 Barrack camp. Not pretty, but also not egregious. Not human, 844 01:16:01,450 --> 01:16:04,470 but not fatal either. Appear like this the warehouses from above. 845 01:16:05,500 --> 01:16:09,060 These are already aerial photos that... the war, because so close 846 01:16:09,060 --> 01:16:10,980 no camera would have these objects allowed to come. 847 01:16:11,500 --> 01:16:15,020 There are also from the time of Concentration camp masters themselves don't make films about them 848 01:16:15,020 --> 01:16:16,020 Conditions there. 849 01:16:28,320 --> 01:16:32,240 And so these are already pictures the days when the misery would have ended, 850 01:16:32,320 --> 01:16:34,180 if it could have stopped. 851 01:16:34,890 --> 01:16:39,050 Death, planned for so long and organized, wasn't done from one day onwards 852 01:16:39,050 --> 01:16:40,050 to banish the other. 853 01:16:40,550 --> 01:16:43,330 And so do these scenes Authenticity. 854 01:16:49,650 --> 01:16:53,750 The camp is hunger. Ourselves are hunger. The living hunger. 855 01:16:54,250 --> 01:16:57,350 Who could imagine once not to be hungry? 856 01:16:58,890 --> 01:17:03,110 Now we too are scratching for what is finished Eat the bowl carefully. 857 01:17:03,600 --> 01:17:05,040 and hold it under your chin. 858 01:17:05,420 --> 01:17:09,240 Now we have also realized that it It's not the same whether you have his 859 01:17:09,240 --> 01:17:12,540 Ladle with soup from above or from gets out of the bottom of the bucket. 860 01:17:13,200 --> 01:17:18,380 14 days after my delivery I'm really hungry 861 01:17:18,380 --> 01:17:22,700 chronic hunger that the free Don't know people who dream at night 862 01:17:22,700 --> 01:17:26,140 and that in all the members lives in our body. 863 01:17:26,660 --> 01:17:31,440 We all have an animalistic rush, our bellies with the hot slut 864 01:17:31,440 --> 01:17:36,610 to fill it up, but no one wants it Be first because the first ration is the 865 01:17:36,610 --> 01:17:37,610 is thinnest. 866 01:17:55,350 --> 01:18:00,140 About camp life itself. That a camp is dying, there are only photos like these 867 01:18:00,140 --> 01:18:03,000 of women who go to work are assigned. 868 01:18:03,860 --> 01:18:07,480 Many of those imprisoned in Auschwitz work in the IG's miracle works 869 01:18:07,480 --> 01:18:08,480 colors. 870 01:18:09,800 --> 01:18:13,920 They are still able to work, these ones Men, declared fit for work. 871 01:18:14,400 --> 01:18:17,940 But the work they do is Torture and exhaustion at the same time. 872 01:18:19,180 --> 01:18:22,520 Work sets you free was the saying the gate of Auschwitz. 873 01:18:23,320 --> 01:18:24,640 This work does... 874 01:18:25,020 --> 01:18:28,320 Usually within three months, just free of the last strength, 875 01:18:28,580 --> 01:18:33,740 ultimate will to live. She did free for so-called post-selection 876 01:18:33,740 --> 01:18:34,740 Death. 877 01:18:56,690 --> 01:18:57,970 Music as madness. 878 01:18:58,570 --> 01:19:00,890 This band plays to one Execution on. 879 01:19:01,370 --> 01:19:04,350 Others played music every day as they moved out of the work crews. 880 01:19:07,830 --> 01:19:11,150 And again and again appeals and getting naked take off. 881 01:19:11,890 --> 01:19:13,650 Was that already called the gas chamber? 882 01:19:18,930 --> 01:19:22,050 I, Rudolf Höss, explain as follows. 883 01:19:22,670 --> 01:19:28,270 I commanded Auschwitz until January 1st. December 1943 and guess that 884 01:19:28,270 --> 01:19:33,070 at least 2,500,000 victims there Gassed and burned 885 01:19:33,070 --> 01:19:34,090 and were eradicated. 886 01:19:34,810 --> 01:19:39,530 An improvement over Treblinka was that we built gas chambers, the 2 887 01:19:39,530 --> 01:19:41,430 ,000 people could hold at once. 888 01:19:41,770 --> 01:19:45,890 Another improvement was that we... Auschwitz we tried to bring the victims to 889 01:19:45,890 --> 01:19:49,850 to make fools by believing undergo a delousing procedure. 890 01:19:50,570 --> 01:19:54,130 When I entered the extermination building I used Auschwitz 891 01:19:54,130 --> 01:19:58,410 Zyklon B, a crystallized one Hydrocyanic acid that we put in the death chambers 892 01:19:58,410 --> 01:19:59,950 thrown in through a small opening. 893 01:20:00,250 --> 01:20:04,830 It took three to 15 minutes to complete Killing people in the death chambers. 894 01:20:05,330 --> 01:20:09,230 We knew that people were dead were because their screaming stopped. 895 01:20:09,710 --> 01:20:14,010 Later our special forces took it The corpses took off the rings and took out the gold 896 01:20:14,010 --> 01:20:15,010 from the teeth. 897 01:20:57,130 --> 01:21:02,150 Six million Jews, six million people murdered in ghettos, 898 01:21:02,190 --> 01:21:05,270 Execution pits and in the camps. 899 01:21:05,970 --> 01:21:12,190 Bergen-Belsen, Dachau, Neuengamme, Theresienstadt, 900 01:21:12,650 --> 01:21:19,210 Buchenwald, Papenburg, Ravensbrück, Sachsenhausen, Flossenbürg, 901 01:21:19,330 --> 01:21:20,650 large roses, 902 01:21:21,410 --> 01:21:23,910 Mauthausen, Stutthof, 903 01:21:25,150 --> 01:21:26,150 Chelmner. 904 01:21:27,320 --> 01:21:33,820 Sobibor, Belsitz, Treblinka, Majdanek, Auschwitz. 905 01:21:38,700 --> 01:21:39,820 Places somewhere? 906 01:21:40,760 --> 01:21:43,460 Not places near ours Cities? 907 01:21:44,620 --> 01:21:49,420 Now they have to stay in the middle of places our consciousness, in the middle of ours 908 01:21:49,420 --> 01:21:50,420 conscience. 909 01:21:51,000 --> 01:21:55,100 The voice of reason when she agrees has been suppressed for a long time, 910 01:21:56,130 --> 01:21:58,990 In the end only gets in Funeral songs heard.